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A 1,900-year-old scrap of papyrus proves that while warfare may change, the bureaucratic bullshit that comes with military life does not.

(Editor’s note: This article was originally published on March 25, 2019.)

A payslip belonging to a Roman auxiliary soldier, posted on Twitter back in March 2019 by archaeologist Joanne Ball, shows that the imperial grunt was left penniless immediately after getting paid once the military recouped expenses for food, equipment, clothes, and the like.

As it turns out, getting screwed over by the green weenie is a time-honored tradition that dates back centuries.

According to a translation available in the Database of Military Inscriptions and Papyri of Early Roman Palestine, this payslip belonged to Gaius Messius, a Roman auxiliary soldier who likely served in Masada, Israel between 72 and 75 CE.

The document was translated using the excavation reports, Christopher B. Zeichmann, the editor for the database, told Task & Purpose via email.

The receipt itself shows just how much of Gaius’ hard-earned denarii, an ancient Roman currency, went back to the military. Here’s the rough translation:

The fourth consulate of Imperator Vespasianus Augustus.

Accounts, salary.

Gaius Messius, son of Gaius, of the tribe Fabia, from Beirut.

I received my stipendium of 50 denarii, out of which I have paid barley money 16 denarii. […]rnius: food expenses 20(?) denarii; boots 5 denarii; leather strappings 2 denarii; linen tunic 7 denarii.

Let’s do a quick tally of that pay slip:

  • 16 denarii for “barley money.”
  • 20 denarii for “food expenses.”
  • 5 denarii for “boots.”
  • 2 denarii for “leather strappings.”
  • 7 denarii for a “linen tunic.”

That comes out to 50 denarii — leaving Gaius flat broke immediately after payday.

It’d be one thing if this was a receipt for clay jugs of wine and a new warhorse (at 25% APR, of course) or some sort of punishment for carving a bunch of dongs onto a wall, but having your whole paycheck vanish before you even get to blow it on leave is something else.

“It is interesting to observe how much of his pay went to mandatory expenses: clothing, food, etc,” as the database notes. “He seems effectively penniless after payday.”

Not much else is really known about Gaius, not his unit, though the original tweet cites it as Legio X Fretensis, or his rank, or what became of him. While there were other military papyri found at Masada from around this same time, Zeichmann told Task & Purpose, many of them were “obscure or highly fragmentary.”

We do know one thing for sure, though: The green weenie will outlive us all.